At Lausanne, Victor 'contemplated the lake: the waters were palcid: all around was calm; and snowy mountains, 'the palaces of nature', were not changed'. firstly Victor does not appear to be truly comfortable as he considers his surroundings, we know that he fears the monster is close yet when he carries on contemplating the surroundings he becomes relaxed seeing it as a more 'heavenly scene', 'the palaces of nature'. in true gothic style darkness came with night and Victor falls back into his state of fear 'the picture appeared a vast and dim scene of evil'.
The effects on Victors mind are triggered by light and dark in this scene reflecting back to Bookbird's insight into dualism. like our past experience in To the Ligthhouse teh light-dark atmosphere across the sea and the families life. Victors inability to see the calmness of the mountains makes him feel the 'impenetrable darkness'.
Shelly relies on the stereotypical view that dark is evil - hell and light is good - heaven, this stereotypical view is what gothic literature relies on.
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